As the world's population ages, research into psychological ageing is becoming a major priority to ensure the well-being and dignity of individuals. This complex field presents unique challenges requiring multidisciplinary approaches, rigorous methodologies and innovative solutions. In addition, promising methods of data analysis are being developed on a daily basis, requiring ongoing technical training. Paolo Ghisletta, Professor of Quantitative Psychology and Methodology at the University of Geneva, draws attention to the necessary adaptations that researchers need to make in an article published in the journal Current Opinion in Psychology.
Heterogeneity and increased complexity
Older people exhibit greater variability than any other age group, influenced by biological, social, cognitive and cultural factors. Understanding this diversity means going beyond traditional descriptions (age, sex, ethnic origin) to include more detailed characteristics, such as living conditions or health factors.
Appropriate methodologies
Two main models are used: cross-sectional studies, which are rapid but limited, and longitudinal studies, which are ideal for tracking individual changes over the long term, although more costly and sensitive to biases such as attrition. New techniques, such as intensive short-term measurements, make it possible to explore rapid dynamics while complementing traditional studies. Measurement instruments need to be psychometrically validated, including in ageing populations.
Analytical advances
Advances in data analysis, particularly Bayesian models and machine learning, are enriching our understanding of the ageing process. However, these tools require ongoing training to be fully exploited.
Ethics and social responsibility
Questions of ethics, inclusivity and diversity are central. Open science initiatives promote transparent and collaborative research, but greater attention is needed to ensure that samples and researchers are fairly representative.
By combining scientific rigour and social responsibility, research on ageing can not only elucidate complex processes, but also contribute to a more inclusive society in the face of the challenges of global ageing.
Full article
Ghisletta, Paolo (2024). On some challenges of psychological research in late adulthood and aging. Current Opinion in Psychology. Vol 55.